海外大学進学について

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東大合格者17人が海外大に進学した理由

最近この手の「高校生が海外大学に進学」というニュースが増えてきたように思います．少し前だと「日本の進学校の開成高校から○○人が海外進学」のような記事もあったと記憶しています．日本に閉塞感があるからなのか，流行りなのでしょうか．

自己紹介でもないのですが，私は高校を卒業するまで日本で過ごし，その後アメリカの大学に進学しました．もうすぐ日本国外の生活が 20 年になります．ほぼ全員が大学に進学するような高校でしたが，同級生のうち海外大学に進学したのは 450 人中 2 人だったように思うので，よくある選択肢だったわけでもありません．その後は紆余曲折を経て，短期，長期を合わせると，今までに 7 つの国で研究職の仕事をしました．日本で仕事をしたこともありました．今はシンガポールにある大学で教員をしています．

もし海外の大学へ進学する人が増えてきて，高校生が進路選択に悩むのならば，１つの考え方にはなるかと思うので，自分の経験とか考えを書きたいと思いました．

私見なのですが，昨今の日本の論調は，日本の大学と海外の大学を同じ評価軸に据えて「日本の大学を選ばずに海外進学する学生が増えてるよね，日本ヤバいよね」みたいなストーリーになってる場合が多いようです．私はそのストーリー自体が日本好みに仕立てられていると感じます．日本好みというのは，一軸で測れる大学ランキングがあって，ランキングの上の方に入るのが難しくて素晴らしいよね，のような感じです．日本好みだから日本の読者に刺さるという理屈もわかります．

一方で，私は国内・海外を含む進路選択はもっと多元的，多軸的なものであるし，だからこそ海外進学に価値があると思っています．「東大を蹴って海外大学に行く人がいる」「開成高校や灘高校の生徒が海外に行く」「だから日本のトップの高校生は海外進学」，みたいな考えはわかりやすいので記事にはしやすいと思います．まあただ，そのような考えに煽られて進路選択をしても息詰まり，行き詰まる若者が出てくるだろうと思います．失敗することも方向転換することも悪いことではないし，若い人はそういうのも乗り越えられると思いますが，一方で大人が偏った情報を提供したり，偏った雰囲気を醸成しているならば，それは別の問題だと思います．

以下，私の偏った考えを書きます．「日本で大学に行くのか，アメリカで大学に行くのか」は「柔道部に入るかバスケ部に入るか」くらいの話で，そもそも学ぶもの，期待するものが違うと考えて良いと思います．背負い投げとダンクシュートに優劣がないのと同じように，そもそも同じ軸で評価する性質のものではないということです．さらに言えば，既に背負い投げを使える人が，競技を変えてバスケを始めるのも良いし，今度は袖釣り込み腰を練習するために柔道を続けるのも良いわけです．それは優劣ではなくて，優先順位です．どちらも面白いスキルや経験だよね，と柔軟に評価した上で，じゃあどちらのスポーツが自分に合うのか考える，という風にした方が，幸せな人が増えると思います．

私は大学の教員なので，大学のランキングが無意味であるというほどナイーブでもないのですが，一方でそのようなランキング，権威などだけで海外進学が勧められるものでもないという考えです．

私はアメリカで働きたくて，アメリカの大学に行くことにしたのですが，結局，方向転換をすることになりました．それでもアメリカで大学生をすることで，得るものがありました．具体的に何が得られたかというと，「精神的な自由」を得る一助になりました．目標を変えるに際して自分のやりたいことは何か，みたいな抽象的な疑問に向き合う時間があった，ということも言えますし，とりあえず横並びの状況から離れてしまったので，自分で考えることを余儀なくされた，とも言えます．具体性がない説明ですが，以前に「自分の問題を自分で決めて良いことを博士課程で学んだ」と思ったことがあるのですが，自分がそうなるための第一歩だったという位置付けです．

今の私はこのように考えています．環境を変えることに大きな意味があって，日本人が海外で大学に行くと環境の変化によって得られるものがあります．外国人が日本に来ても同じ効果はあると思います．だから，日本の大学，海外の大学（あるいは就職，起業），どれが良いということはないんじゃないだろうか．誰にとって，どの人生段階で，何が良さそう，というのはあるかもしれません．ただそのためには，自分の適性や好みを知らないといけない．背負い投げ，ダンクシュート，あるいはスカイラブハリケーンのどれを身につけたいか知る必要があるのだと思います．それもそれで難しいことです．どうやったらわかるのか，と言えば，やってみないとわからないことは多い．何かを決め打ちしてやってみるしかないんじゃないか．そして違うと思ったら変えるのが良いのかと思います．

繰り返しになりますが，自分の経験から，私は海外大学進学を肯定的に評価しています．ただ細かいのだけど，進学大学のランキングが日本のそれより高いからだとか，進学先の授業が素晴らしかったからではなくて，内的な変化が起きて人生を生きやすくする最初のステップになったことが良かったと思う．自分の変化，成長，退化は生涯続くものですが，私にとっての海外進学は，大学卒業後の様々な経験や変化の土台となる大事な経験でした．

一方で，仮にそのような内的な変化の土台（と私が信じているもの）の形成が素晴らしいことだとしても，それすらも，あなたに取って大事なことかはわからない．仮にそれが大事なことだとして，海外の大学進学によって全ての人に起こる保証などもないし，あるいはそれが海外大学進学によってのみ得られるものでもない．ここまで書いてハシゴを外すようですが，本当のことを言えば，無責任に海外進学を勧められるとも思わないのです．

高校生に向けて書いているのをすっかり忘れていたけど，この世の中に断言できることなんてほとんどありません．大人がこうした方がいい，なんて言ってることは（それが親でも先生でも）その大人の偏見でしかないし，多くの人が言いたい放題で結構適当なことを言っています．だから自分で選択していく習慣を付けられると良いと思いますし，そのためには自分と向き合う必要がある．その点において，大学の４年間（± N 年間）は，その後の生活に比べると比較的やることが少ない方だと思います．だから環境を大きく変えたり，自分と向き合ったりする経験がしやすいと思います．大学に行けることは特権であって，権利ではないのですが，その特権に恵まれたら，十分に恩恵を吸い尽くして欲しいと思います．

もう 1 点だけ．海外進学に価値があるとすれば，それは自分がどっぷり漬かった価値基準から一度距離を置けるところにあると言えます．だからこそ，既存の大学ランキングの延長で海外進学を捉えると，その部分での価値を見過ごしてしまうんじゃないだろうか．いずれ海外大学進学が日本の高校生の進路の既定路線になって，序列の中に組み込まれるようになることがあるかもしれない．そうなると，私がとても良かったと考えている「自分と向き合う時間」としての効果が思うほど得られなくなるだろうと思う．1 年 2 年留学して箔を付けるのが目的です，ってならランキングが決まってた方が良いし，箔付けが役に立つことはあると思います．ただ高校生がそんな争いに時間をかけるのはバカバカしいし，そんな状況ならば，私は海外大学進学から，あるいは大学進学そのものからだって距離を置いても良いと思う．もっと雑音が少なくて，社会の序列に取り込まれていない何かを探して，数年間自分と向き合って下さい．

何が言いたいのかわかりづらい感じになりましたが，私はあまり強い主義主張はありません．国内でも海外でも良いので，自分と向き合って，自分で自分が何を好きなのか知っている大人になると良いと思います．

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