進学や職業選択に情報格差・生育環境の格差・経験の格差が大きく影響するという話を読みました。私はシンガポールの大学で教員をしているのですが、実にいろんな大学の学生から進学希望のメールを受けます。大学院生の空きはないか、ラボのテクニシャンとして雇ってもらえないか、など、私の研究室でもこれだけ来るのなら、有名研究室ではどれくらいかと想像します。国はアジア・東南アジアが多いのですが、アフリカや中東などからも連絡は定期的にあります。留学することで国を出て、人生が変わることもあるのだと思います。おそらくそのように連絡してくる方も一部なのかもしれません。
様々な国出身の学生のメンタリングをしていると感じますが、学生の経験は本当に多種多様で、それは生まれ育った環境に大きく影響されています。MOOC などの文脈でインターネットの授業を使えばそれらが平準化されるという意見は少し前に流行りましたが、おそらくそれは限定的なのはコロナ禍での自宅学習の難しさを経験して多くの人が気付いたと思います。教材が存在することと、実際に知識として身に付くことは全く違うことなのです。さらにいえば MIT の授業が世界中で無料で見られることは、人類という集団の行動や意思決定にあまり影響はないように思います。翻って、学校のような場所に人が集まることの有形無形の価値を多くの人が認識するようになってきたと思います。
話を情報格差に戻すと、情報格差自体はどんなレベルでもありそうです。自分の印象的な経験を共有すると、私はアメリカの大学院の博士課程に通っていたのですが、留学生もアメリカ人も、親が研究者や大学教員であるという人が多かったんですよね。留学生なんかだと半分以上ではないでしょうか。研究者は世襲ではないけど、ノウハウやライフスタイルを見てると、その職業の具体的なイメージ（なり方とか、待遇、人的な繋がりも含めて）がつかめて現実的な選択肢になると思います。なので、近くにロールモデルがいるだけで、かなり違うスタート地点になるということはこの経験から理解できました。
最近は日本の国内格差も話題になっています。私は日本国内の格差を理解しきれているとは思わないですし、おそらく家庭環境の問題などに至ると全く理解できていないでしょう。一点、常に思っていることは、文化的・学術的な裾野の広さがあることが、国内の格差是正に寄与するということです。少し話が飛ぶのですが、数年前にタンザニアで行われた学会に参加したのですが、アフリカ諸国の大学は、論文数・引用数などの指標でみると貢献度が低い大学が多いのが現状です。一方で各々の国に大学があることに意味があるケースは多そうだし、定期的にアフリカで会議が開かれることには意味があります。それはエンパワーメントであり希望でありコミュニティであり、定量化しずらいポエムと呼ばれそうな話なんですが、しかし確かに存在していることなんですよね。ロジカルな感じで「生産性」といって定量的に測れる数字ばかり見てると、そういう貢献を全て見過ごすことになると思います。
全く同じ理由で、私は研究大学と職業訓練学校を分けるというような発想には全く賛同できません。日本の各県に地方国立大（研究大学）が少なくとも１つ存在するというデザインは社会的な利点があり有意義だと思います。それぞれの地域に大学があり、そこに行けば学術的な活動（知識を教える活動（＝教育）ではなくて、知識を生む活動（＝研究））が行われているという事実がもたらす利点は看過できません。そのような裾野の広さがあることでこそ、社会にとって有益な決定をしていけるようになるのではないでしょうか。例えば、６割の人がワクチンを受けないと集団免疫が達成できないという社会の課題があるならば、１％の人だけしか大学で研究の経験を得られず、科学がブラックボックスになるような社会のデザインでは機能しないとも思います。
話が発散しましたが、とくにまとまりそうもありませんでした。いろいろ教えて下さい！
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