山中伸弥教授，ノーベル賞受賞おめでとうございます．日本人としても，研究者の端くれとしても，嬉しいニュースです．様々なインタビューからにじみ出る人柄だけでなく，山中教授が柔道家だったとか，冗談が好きとかいう細かいところも好きです．早速ミーハーな私は，当該論文をもう一度ダウンロードしました．以前読んだこともありましたが，本日現在でマウスのiPSは6000回，人のiPSは5000回近く引用されてます．驚愕です．
さて下記は，山中教授の関連インタビューやサイトを見ての雑感です．研究をするための環境・制度作り，についての話です．想像で書いた部分もありますので，もしも私が事実誤認などしているようであれば，ご指摘頂ければ幸いです．（特に日本の研究資金の集め方や，用途の制限について．）
http://justgiving.jp/c/7882
色んなところで紹介されていたこちらのサイト，何故山中研レベルの研究室が，クラウドファンディングという（現状では研究者にとって）特殊な方法でファンドレイジングしているのだろう，と疑問を持ったのが今回の始まりです．普通に考えて，山中研にお金がないはずはないように思いますし，こちらで達成しようとしている金額（1000万円）は，バイオサイエンスの研究を安定的に行うための額にしては低い印象です．
http://business.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/topics/20121008/237791/
そして，こちらの記事に答えの一端があるのかと思いました．
ただ、ここに問題があります。日本の大学には、プロのサポートスタッフを雇用する枠組みがないのです。大学の採用枠は、「教職員」と「事務員」のみ。1年単位の非正規職員としてしか雇えません。これでは、製薬会社などで好待遇で働いているスタッフを、大学に引き抜くのは困難です。iPS細胞研究所では、幸運にも知財の専門家に入ってもらえましたが、ほかの大学もみな必要としています。
つまり「仮に研究資金を獲得していても，研究機関の雇用の枠組み，資金の用途制限などのため，特定の目的のサポートスタッフを既存のシステム内で雇う自由度が低い．だから自分たちで用途に関する制限の少ない資金を調達してその一助としている」というのが自分の仮説／憶測です．（もしこれが間違っていると，今回のエントリーの流れが大きく崩れます．笑）研究資金の用途制限については，日本で仕事をしている研究者の友人などから聞いた話を加味していますが，日本の研究資金は，試薬や設備などには使えるが，人件費には使えないものが多いということらしいです．
山中教授のような方が自らファンドレイジングされるのは，Public Outreach に高い効果もあるだろうし，既存の資金調達方法（政府，企業などの資金）に頼らない新しい研究の進め方のモデルを示す面白い側面もあると思っています．その一方で，現状のクラウドファンディングは過渡期なのか成熟したのかわかりませんが，端から見ると人気投票みたいなものなので，研究そのもののビジョンや可能性，また本当にお金が必要かの評価は必ずしも正当になされない印象を受けています．以前，退学後の元女子大生が大学に通う学費を下さいと言って，事実関係の確認無しにお金が集まった，みたいなケースもありました．クラウドファンディングが人気投票に見えた一例です．このような不安定な資金調達方法の成果によって研究サポートスタッフの有無が決まってしまうとしたら，少し危なっかしいと感じます．山中研究室ならば，知名度，過去の実績や将来の可能性，そして社会への責任感や倫理感などにおいて申し分ないですので，知名度と信頼を元に寄付をする方が集まり，そして良い結果をもたらすのだと思います．一方で，他の研究室，特に無名の駆け出し研究室で知名度もない研究室が特殊な資金調達ルートに頼らなければならない場合，必要なスタッフを確保できるかは未知数になってしまいます．山中教授ご自身も，上記のインタビューで，iPS細胞研究所ではスタッフの確保ができたが，他の研究所でも必要としている，と言及されています．
そういった理由から，研究者が一般的な資金調達の方法を通して獲得した資金を，必要に応じて適切な人件費や別の必要な用途に回せる制度の整備（あるいは規制の緩和）は，必要な変化なのだと考えています．必要なサポートスタッフを雇えるようにすることは，（特に社会問題になっている，博士号取得者が専門知識を生かせる）雇用創出にも繋がるでしょうし，研究者が研究以外に割かなければならない時間を減らすことにもなるでしょうし，アカデミア全体として悪い変化ではないはずです．良く似た話では，大学院生に対して適切な人件費を計上できるようにして，雇用という形で金銭サポートをできるようにするのは，人材確保の為にも必要不可欠だと思います．
iPS細胞は，山中教授もおっしゃっているように，研究が実用化されるまでに，法規制，倫理問題，特許，国際競争などの様々な周辺問題を乗り越えなければならない技術です．だからこそ，今回の山中先生の受賞を契機に，研究を実用化する環境整備の議論が活発になり，分野を問わず研究者周りの雇用の仕組みにも変化が起こることを期待しています．
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