大学入試と面接

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自分の勤務している大学の学部生の入試では、書類選考に通った高校生全員に面接をしています。面接官は２名、事務方が１人と大学教員が１人からなります。結構大変なのですが、まだ小規模大学なので、この方法が機能しているのだと思います。日本でも大学入試に面接を課すという提案があるということですが、面接を入試に課すことについて、自分が思うところをまとめてみます。

面接での印象が大学入試の合否の基準になるのは、やや非効率で基準が明確でないこともあり、納得しかねることもあります。私見ですが、大学はそもそも主に学問（とその他の活動）を通して自分と向き合う場所です。入学の動機が明確である必要もなければ、それを上手に話せる必要もない、さらに言えば入学前に学生が成熟してる必要もなければ、将来の夢が定まっている必要もない。何かを基準に置く必要があるなら、「学問を学ぶ共通言語となる知識の水準が一定に達していること」が妥当で、私が提案する入試制度改革は、日本なら現状維持になります。

そもそも大学は教育機関なので、「グローバルな価値を創造したい（キリッ）」と雄弁に話す「デキル人」を集める場所ではありません。30 分の面接でわかることは、その程度の雄弁さだけです。そしてそんな茶番の準備で、時間の無駄を若い高校生に課すのはやめて欲しいのです。話の中にリーダーシップ、イノベーションなど、華美なキーワードを混ぜる必要もありません。私は意味なく発せられるそのような言葉に辟易しますし、内容のある言葉に置き換えるように促しています。それができない場合は、意味を伴っていないと判断しています。

面接を行うとテストでは評価できない、やる気や個性が評価できるというのは本当でしょうか。例えば、どれだけの高校生が「unique perspective が大事である」という「unique ではない perspective」を面接で話すと思いますか。例えば、どれだけの高校生が「与えられた問題を解くのではなく〜」という「与えられた問題意識」を掲げると思いますか。面接があればあったで、準備も画一的になるのです。また、個性とはどのように評価されるべきですか。航空エンジニアになりたい高校生、金融工学を学びたい高校生、まだ何をしたいかも決まっていない高校生に優劣はないのですが、彼らの身の上話を聞きながら、どのように優劣がつくのが適切だと思いますか。誰がこれらの問いに答えられるでしょうか。

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ところで、面接が入試に組み込まれることの結果として生じる準備の負担は、そもそも評価すらされていないのが現状ではないでしょうか。大学教員は追加の時間をとって準備することを期待されていると思うのですが、仕組みを作る方には時間が無限ではないことを念頭に置いて頂きたいものです。

今の職場では面接基準や欲しい学生像などのブリーフィングがあった上で、実際に面接に臨んでいますが、面接や人物評価は、そもそも簡単なものではありません。準備をするといえど、どれだけ時間をかけても十分にならないと思いますし、教員の誰一人として、高校生の人物評価が専門である者はいません。自分の職場を悪くいうつもりはなく、これはどの大学でも同じ問題です。

日本の場合、面接官の能力開発などはどうする予定なのでしょうか。邪推ですが「人材会社のHR」とか「コンサルの元人事」みたいな人が「講師」になって、物知り風にセミナーをしたり本を書いたりするのが日本的展開だと思います。ただ、会社の人事が判断できるのは、応募者がその会社に合っているか、のみです。ベストセラーの本を書いた有名企業の人事だろうが、簡単に高校生の何かを見極めることができるとは思いません。もしそういう人がしゃしゃり出てくるような状況になったら、遺憾の意を表明するどころか、呆れて泣きたくなると思います。大学として、企業の人事選考の真似事をするのが良いとは思いません。

そもそも営利企業が求める人材と、教育機関である大学が育てる人材は違います。アドバイスを求めるなら、学生と長期間向き合ってきている、高校や中学の先生などの方が、より適切な相談相手になるかもしれません。そして、もし大学教員が面接で高校生を評価する仕事をするなら、安易なノウハウなどはなく、腰を据えてやらないといけないはずです。しかし正直なところ、準備にかかる時間と他に抱える業務内容、決断の責任を考えれば、簡単に引き受けるべき仕事ではないとも思います。これは２度目の面接シーズンを迎えた私の感想です。私はそれを専門とする人を立て、任せるべきだと思います。面接導入を進めるのが大学組織なのか省庁なのか知りませんが、そういった人材開発と雇用の必要性を感じてくれるでしょうか。

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最後に「大学の社会における役割」という文脈から考えたいと思います。大学の教育内容は実学寄りに、研究内容は基礎から応用へ、というのが最近の趨勢であることをご存知の方も多いかもしれません。既にそちらに振れている状況下で、さらに入り口にも実務型の判断基準を用いるのが、大学入試へ面接導入をすることの意味合いかと考えています。大学として実社会で役に立つ人材を輩出しよう、というビジョンを持つならば（程度問題ですが）共感はします。一方で、入り口の段階の高校生にまで類似の評価軸を用いることは、本当に社会が目指すに相応しい方向なのでしょうか。それぞれの立場から一考に値する問題だと思います。私は社会の余裕のなさの現れではないかと思います。

81 thoughts on “大学入試と面接”

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