日本に欠けた起業家精神,か

日本に欠けた起業家精神の教育 親の背中を見せよ

というコラムを読みました.私の祖父母,両親が小さいながら会社を経営してきたこともあり,親が子どもに見せる姿勢が大事であるという点に非常に共感しました.一方「日本に欠けた起業家精神」というのは,最近のテンプレートになってる言葉でしょうか.言葉尻を捉えて申し訳ないですが,本当に精神性に大きな違いがあるのか疑問に思い,自分の経験を書いてみようと思いました.

私の両親は祖父母が起こした会社を経営していて,小さい会社ながらもこのご時世に子供 3 人を大学に行かせるだけ稼ぎました.今になってそれがどれだけ大変なことがわかりましたが,子どもの頃は想像もしませんでした.私の生まれた名古屋という土地柄もあるのかもしれませんが,自分の地元を見ても家族経営の自宅兼作業場などもたくさんありましたし,実家の事業を引き継いだり,新規事業の立ち上げに挑戦している友人も思い浮かびます.彼らは今や社長,今風に言う CEO として,私と同じくらいの年齢ながら両肩に重いものを背負って奮闘しています.実家については私がいい歳してプラプラしてて申し訳ないところ,今は弟が立派に家業に参画しています.

今の私は直接的には起業から遠い仕事をしています.でも私が育った環境での経験だけ見ても,様々なことはありました.小学生の頃には,毎朝 1 時間ずつ実家の工場(作業場と言えるくらいの大きさでしたが)で作られた商品を箱詰めするラインに立ちました.手伝っていたと言っても,むしろ邪魔になっていたのかもしれませんが,1 日 1 時間「手伝う」ことで月に 3000 円のお小遣いをもらいました,それを貯めて MSX と呼ばれるおもちゃのようなコンピューターを買ったのは懐かしい思い出です.

家族経営の中小企業経営者は全てのことをしなくてはなりません.近場であれば商品の配達も父が行っていましたから,朝 4 時に起床して,父の運転するトラックの横に座り一緒に出かけました.車の中ではずっと寝ていたので,何も偉ぶったことは言えませんが,現場に着くと眠い目をこすりながら起きて,ダンボール詰めになった商品を倉庫に運びこみました.朝早く行かないと道路が混んでしまい,当日の業務に差し障りがありますから,早い時間にやらなくてはいけませんでした.たまに帰り道に吉野屋の牛丼を買ってもらうのが楽しみでした.帰宅して,母が作ったみそ汁とともに食べました.朝から体を動かしていましたので,余裕の完食でした.そうこうしているうちに,両親は仕事に行き,私は小学校に行きました.

商品の配達などで,得意先について行ったときには,外国人の出稼ぎ労働者がいることも少なくありませんでした.私の父は丁寧な人ですが,現代ほど国際的な経験が得やすい時代に育ったわけでもなく,外国人とのコミュニケーションが上手だったとは思いません.同様に当時の私も,肌の色の濃い外国人(おそらく南アジアからの出稼ぎ労働者だったと思いますが)に対して,どのように接すれば良いのかわかりませんでした.そういう状況で,苦し紛れだったのかもしれませんし,父なりの哲学があったのかもしれませんが,父は「(言葉が通じなくても)相手に挨拶だけはしっかりしろ」と言っていました.私はそのようにしました.その後の人生で,私はこれまでに 6 ヶ国で仕事をして,40 ヶ国以上旅行で訪れる機会がありましたが「挨拶をしっかりする」ことはどの国でも人間関係の基本でしたから,良いアドバイスだったと思います.

電話の応対もしました.小学校の頃から「注文を承りました」などの敬語を使うようにしていました.当時は牧歌的な時代でしたし,子どもの声だとわかりつつも,相手は対応してくれました.「家の手伝い偉いねえ」と誉めてくれるお客さんもいました.電話を取ったら自分の名前を名乗るのが当然だと教えられていたので,携帯電話の時代になっても,電話を受けて自分の名前を名乗らない人にはずっと違和感がありました.

今で言う「起業家」だったのは祖父と祖母だったのでしょう.残念ながら私は祖父との思い出はないのですが,祖母がよく昔話をしてくれました.屋台を引いて,名古屋駅近くのガード下,電車の走ってる陸橋の下だと思うのですが,餅を焼いて売っていた話です.うちわを使って人のいる方に風を向けるようにすると,いい匂いがしてお客さんが増えるだとか,おいしい餅を焼くためには何度もひっくり返さずに我慢強く待たないといけない,という秘密を教えてくれました.その事業が土台になり,現在の事業に至ったということです.

現在もそうなのですが,父も母も祖母も,よく働く人だと思います.昼間の工場での仕事をフルタイムでこなした後に,夜になると父は会社の経理をして,母は家事をしていました.最近のイクメンとか家事の共同参加というようなモデルではありませんでしたが,お互いに仕事をしているのが見える距離で,両親なりの仕事の分担があったのだと思います.祖母は土曜日の昼など,母が仕事で出ている時に,よくお好み焼きを作ってくれました.現在は私の弟が家の仕事に参加しています.先日,経済産業省が出している,中小企業のための新規事業補助金を取ったと教えてくれました.私はこんな仕事をしているのですが,まだ日本の組織から研究資金をもらったことはありませんので,弟に先を越されてしまいました.家族全員が工夫して,事業を行っています.

ーーー
こういった個人的な経験があり「日本に欠けた起業家精神」という表現があまりピンと来ませんでした.この特定の著者や文章について反感を持っているわけではないのですが,一般的に日本国内で起こっている起業に関するコメントなどが,やや一面的な見方ではないか,と思うことがあります.少し嫌みな言い方をしますと,都市部に生まれて,父親が大企業に勤め,母親が専業主婦の「理想家庭」ですくすく育つ方が日本人の一定数を占め,大学進学や留学の経験にも恵まれ,社会的に声が通りやすい仕事や立場を得ることが多かった時代があったのだろうと思います.そんな中,両親や会社のサポートで,アメリカや欧州の中でも恵まれた場所に留学し,その国の限られた一面を見て,そこから日本や日本人の精神性が云々という主張をしてしまうのなら,極めて一面的にしかなり得ないことを危惧します.そのような主張で指摘されたことは,これまで日本国内で目立たなくてもコツコツ積み重ねてきた人たちが,試行錯誤して乗り越えてきたことかもしれないのです.海外でどれだけ経験を積んだという自負があろうとも,私はそういった可能性に対して謙虚である方が良いと思います.

少し話が発散しますが,企業の規模,収益などの数字だけを見て,Google にかなわない,facebook は日本に生まれない,というようなことを言う論調が日本にはあるように思います.とりわけ特定の業種,例えば政府のような大局を管理する仕事とか,大企業のアドバイザリーでフィーをもらう仕事や,投資家などの立場なら,そういった尺度を大事にするのかもしれません.それで「大規模に育ったベンチャーが少ない」から「日本は起業家精神が足りない」と言うのは,そういった特定の文脈では合理性があるのだろうと思います.

他方,中小企業であろうとも,30 歳前後で責任を負って経営を行っている友人や,長らく事業を維持してきた自分の家族を思い浮かべれば,企業の大きさに関わらず,当事者意識を持って自分たちの事業を続けている多数の人に対して「起業家精神の欠如」などという言葉を投げかけることが適切だとは決して思えません.「精神性」について言えば,そのような個人の行動の根幹にあたるものは,事業の規模で決まるものではないでしょう.それぞれの起業家を見たら,それぞれのストーリーがあって,それはシリコンバレーに負けずとも劣らず尊い経験ではないでしょうか.幼少時代の私がそうだったように,そこから学ぶことは少なくありません.学びの源泉を海外のケースに求め,国内の危機感を煽るのは明治時代(あるいは遣隋使の飛鳥時代?)から続く日本のお家芸です.しかし,日本に実在する無数のロールモデルにも目を向けられる柔軟さを持つことで,日本がより明るくなることを願ってやみません.

44 thoughts on “日本に欠けた起業家精神,か”

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