自浄作用の先に立つのは集団の意識

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女子柔道における暴力事件[ref]暴力とあえて書いたけど，公開された情報によると，暴力に思えたから．[/ref]について，下村博文文部科学相の談話「スポーツ界が自浄作用を示すことが必要だ」というのがありました．自浄作用とは，文字通り「自分で問題を解決すること」だと思います．しかし，そもそも暴力を振るう側に問題意識がなさそうなので，「自浄作用」は期待できないのだろうと思ってしまいます．自浄に任せていたから今の状態になったんだろうし，何らかの意味で当事者以外の介入が必要なんでしょう．一般人としては何ができるんでしょうか．

Screen Shot 2013-02-09 at 9.41.52 AM自浄作用に関連した話で，年末に帰国してて見た広告で，バランスが悪いなと思ったものがありました．これが今回の話の主題です．

こちらの「楽しい公約」．2020年のオリンピック誘 致に関して，誘致が叶った際の，有名人による「公約」を取り付ける企画だと理解しています．こちらの企画の中で，テリー伊藤さんの公約が写真のものです．日本では地下鉄の駅などにも貼ってありましたね．

最初見たときに少し胸糞が悪くなって，何でこういう広告ができる過程で「自浄作用」が働かないのかと思ったのですが（問題だと自分たちで認識して，スクリーニングが起こる，みたいな意味です），よくよく考えれば，広告を作る人に違和感がなかったのなら，自浄作用など望めるべくもないでしょう．感覚の問題なので，良い悪いは論じられませんが，僕は想像力と配慮[ref]僕はアメリカと日本しか知りませんが，日本人や日本社会の「配慮」は素晴らしいことが多いと思います．そして日本人が配慮できないと批判的になるつもりはありません．一方でアメリカ人やアメリカ社会に配慮がないかというとそうでもなくて，例えば「多様性への配慮」みたいなのは日本よりも上手い場合が多いと思います．社会の人種構成などが違うから，一概にどちらのスタイルが良いとは言えませんが，「世界中が参加する国際大会を開く」という文脈では，アメリカの多様性への配慮に一日の長があり，日本も学ぶことがあるのかな，と思っています．（あと，アメリカも日本ももちろん幅があるので，まとめて「どう」だと論じることが適切かというのは別の話です．これは後半の主張の，ステレオタイプに言及する，という部分に重なりそうなので，ダブルスタンダードになりかねないとも思うんだけど，どう整理すれば良いのかまだわかってないところです．きちんと頭が整理できるまでご容赦下さい．） [/ref]に欠けており，国際大会の誘致のためにふさわしくない広告だと感じています．みなさんはどう感じるでしょうか．

僕がこの広告が，当該趣旨にふさわしくないと感じる理由は以下の３点です．

１．世界観の狭さ

「欧米人に負けないよう」という文言ですが，日本人が競争する相手，負けたくないと思う相手，あるいは注視する相手は，欧米や欧米人だけなのでしょうか．オリンピックは世界２００ヶ国以上の国や地域の人々が集まるイベントなので，そのホスト国が発信するメッセージとしては，配慮に欠けていると感じます．また脱線しますが，オリンピックを「国際的競争」のシンボリックなものとして捉えたら，「日本」対「欧米」みたいな旧時代的な世界観から離れられていない世代が滑稽に見えます．もはや日本が欧米に追いつけ追い越せという時代ではありません．

２．欧米人観の狭さ

「欧米人に負けないよう，胸毛」という文言ですが，欧米人には胸毛が生えていない方もたくさんいるのはご存知ないでしょうか．胸毛を引き合いに出して，テリー伊藤さんはアングロサクソン系の白人を念頭においていたのかもしれません．が，例えばアメリカに限れば，３割が有色人種です．我々のような黄色人種も住んでいれば，彼らもオリンピック代表にもなるでしょう．オリンピックは世界２００ヶ国以上の国や地域の人々が集まるイベントです．人種や社会の構成員の多様性を無視したような発言は，ホスト国が発信するメッセージとしては配慮に欠けていると言わざるを得ません．

３．他人の身体的特徴を公の場で冗談にする感覚

（３つの中でこれが一番気持ち悪いんですが）「胸毛」という文言ですが，まず何よりも，いい大人が他人の身体的特徴を公の場で冗談の一部とする感覚が信じられません．人の目を引くことが大事な特定の業界では，そういうのがある程度許容される文化があるのかもしれません．だけど，人の身体的特徴に公に言及し，公に揶揄する対象にすることは，成熟した社会のスタンダードではありません．加えて「〇〇人／〇〇人種は何とかである」と身体的特徴やステレオタイプに言及する発言は，多様な国の，多様な人種が集まる国際大会を誘致するための発言として極めて，極めて不適切です．３度目になりますが，オリンピックは世界２００ヶ国以上の国や地域の人々が集まるイベントです．多様性と個々の違いに配慮できないなら，ホスト国としてふさわしくありません．

以上３点，僕がこの広告が国際大会を誘致するという趣旨で不適切だと思った理由です．GREE や Yahoo! の人が国内で遊んでいるなら構いませんが[ref]しかし今日ではネットなどのために，もはや国内の情報が国内に留まることはないでしょう．AKBの剃髪の件しかりで，テレビや広告代理店の人らはガラパゴス的なチャラいノリと炎上マーケティングのつもりだったのでしょうか．真意はどうであれ，ああ言うのも簡単に海外に伝わって「日本は女性の立場が低く，人権を軽視している国」というメッセージを伝え，その積み重ねで諸外国に付け入る隙を与えて，結果として国益を損ねかねません．声の通りやすいメディアには，バランス感覚と想像力のある「グローバル人材」とやらを登用してもらい，日本を貶める結果になるようなことは避けてもらいたいものです． [/ref]，仮にも国際的なレベルのイベントに働きかけるべきならば，広告の作り方が雑すぎるように感じました．この広告には，GREE と Yahoo! 以外にも，広告代理店，マスコミ，芸能事務所など，色んな人が関わっているのかもしれませんが，意思決定できる立場にいる大人の日本人が全員こんな広告を通してしまったのが全く信じられません．おそらくこれが「自浄作用」で排除されなかったことを見ると，僕の気持ち悪さは少数派なのだと思います．この広告が排除されなかったのは僕は本当に残念に思いますが，同時に自浄作用の前提条件は集団の内部の人の意識だな，と思えてなりません．[ref]最初に戻りますが，僕は柔道というスポーツをやってきてとても愛着がありますし，自分は良い経験を重ねているから，今回の女子柔道の暴力事件 も，最近判決 がおりた内柴選手の件も，とても残念です．「強い」ことが価値の主要な基準だとか，先生には意見しづらい雰囲気があるなどは，他のスポーツでもあることで しょうが，よくわかります．こういったコミュニティーが，自浄作用が起こりえるようなコミュニティーになるには（そしてその前提として，柔道コミュニ ティーの内部の人の意識が変わるには），どうすれば良いのでしょうか．これは本当に一朝一夕では変わらない問題だろうと思います．[/ref]

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